Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Wikipedia, Friction
Keely
"All moving bodies of visible matter produce heat according to their velocity. The flow of gases induces "thermal reduction" (transmutation to the thermal element) from molecular friction. The molecules never actually come in contact with, or rub each other, and no pressure, however great, can cause molecular contact. However, the molecular volume can be reduced by enormous pressure and the tension on their rotating etheric envelopes induces heat. This induction of heat is a positive proof of the wonderful rotating frequency of the rotating envelope. Were the molecules dead to sympathetic vibration and possessing no rotating etheric envelope, all molecular volumes would be compressible and thermal change in the slightest degree could not result from pressure." [HEAT - Snell]
Schauberger
the absolutely indispensable resistance for all motion. As the formative velocity rises, the resistance increases commensurately in order to provide the additional frictional (resisting) surfaces required by the accelerating matter. The actual loss of formative energy associated with this amounts to about 4%, i.e. in this case approximately 96% of the formative energy (= magnetism streaming upwards at enormous speed = levitism) is freed, which sucks up its generating device and a portion of its immediate environs in its wake. In other words, the 'all attracting' comes into being and becomes active with elemental ur-force. [The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature, Magnetism is the Function of Levitism and Electricism is the Function of Gravitism]
is first generated through friction. This heat is immediately absorbed by the water and in the process a physical vacuum is created, which then gives rise to the emergence of inner-atomic rays. Due to the absorbed heat, the free, dissolved oxygen still present in the water becomes aggressive and the emergent geospheric rays become aggressive owing to the presence of the vacuum. Through the encounter between the mutually opposed, contra-directionally propagated, excited rays, the precondition for the marriage is created. The child of this union is organic, or cold light. [The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature, Letter to Werner Zimmermann]
Many suggestions have already been made as to how losses in energy, pressure or velocity arising in the transport of liquids or gaseous media can be reduced. Thus for the purposes of inhibiting the formation of air-bubbles, which provoke an increase in the resistance to flow, a British Patent No. 409,528 for a pipe has been published, which is wound in a screw-form manner and its cross-sectional surfaces are formed by two arcs of a circle. From the British Patent No. 28,5343 of 1913 AD, the application of a pipe with an egg-shaped cross-section was made known, which was provided with flow-directing slats to inhibit the formation of vortices. In the U.S. Patent No. 1,655,197 as well as in the Schauberger - Swiss Patent No. 126637, cylindrical or conical pipes were proposed with the object of reducing friction by converting it into rotation, for which the pipe axis served as the rotational axis. Lastly, the Schauberger - Austrian Patent No. 28099 depicts the use of indented and twisted pipes. [The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature, Schauberger Patent 196680 - Pipe for Liquid and Gaseous Media]
Both in cross-section and longitudinal section the double-spiral-flow pipe satisfies all the criteria necessary for a water-supply pipe, if it is to convey healthy water to the place of use. By means of a system of vanes made of precious metal arranged on the inner surface of the pipe walls (see figs. 5, 6, 7 & Patents Nos. 134543, 136214 & 138296 in Appendix), the water-masses are conducted along a double-spiral-flow pipe in such a way that the movement of the individual filaments of water at the periphery takes the form of a secondary helical motion along a primary helical path (see fig.) Through this arrangement both centrifugal and centripetal forces evolve simultaneously in the cross-section of the pipe, which convey bodies heavier than water down the centre. Bodies lighter than water are impelled towards the periphery.
Viktor Schauberger's portrayal of the double-spiral longitudinal vortex
Water-masses conducted in this fashion are slightly warmed through the interplay of mechanical forces of friction on the vane-surfaces, leading to the separation of oxygen in the inner region of the pipe and its subsequent concentration at the periphery.
At the same time as the oxygen is ejected, all the bacteria migrate towards the periphery as well, since their living conditions in the more central part of the cross-section have now become unsuitable. In company with the bacteria, all the water-polluting particles are also dispatched towards the periphery of the pipe. Thus the water is easily and simultaneously purged of suspended matter.
Once bacteria have transferred to the peripheral zone in search of the required oxygen, and after a certain period of time in water completely cut off from outside influences, they are overwhelmed by a localized concentration of oxygen. In this way precisely those pathogenic bacteria susceptible to an excess of oxygen are advantageously eliminated, whereas non-pathogenic bacteria which are not harmful to human health, but in many cases are actually beneficial, are to a certain extent retained. At the same time as the content of absorbed oxygen is separated from the carbones contained in all water, the inner core of the water surges ahead in a simple spiral movement (vortical movement along the longitudinal axis) because the surface tension of the water becomes physically reduced as a result of the above-mentioned separation of oxygen from the particles of carbone.
The physical reduction in surface tension results in a mechanical acceleration, leading to the self-purification and energetic charging of the centrally-accelerating water-masses. On the other hand this charging of energy gives rise to further processes related to the overall equilibrium between the heavy, centrally-accelerating bodies and the energy-rich water. With the ensuing simultaneous cooling solid particles are separated and are again directed towards the periphery. There they combine with oxygen and are reunited with the centrally-accelerating water in the form of additional energies. Those particles of matter not drawn into the centre will be pressed onto the surface of the pipe walls by the prevailing mechanical pressure, there to combine with the raw materials from which the timber was originally formed. Thus they seal the pores of the wood, which in this way becomes more durable than iron. Once again we are here concerned with a natural process whose active principle is operative in the formation of all capillaries. The capillaries not only construct themselves but also protect themselves against harmful influences.
As a result of acceleration of the entire body of water peculiar to the double-spiral-flow pipe, greater quantities of water can be conveyed than in an ordinary smooth-walled pipe and, due to the efficacy of the oxygen, extensive self-purification and self-sterilization of the water occurs which constantly increases in quality through the uninterrupted build-up of energy as it moves along its path. The reason for this is as follows: as they accelerate, centrally-conducted water-masses are simultaneously cooled, with the result that gases evolving from the carbones become concentrated in the flow-axis, where the lowest temperatures reside. This concentration decreases towards the periphery. The oxygen on the other hand is concentrated around the periphery of the pipe, reaching its most aggressive state at the interface with the warmer pipe-wall, giving rise to mutual interactions between the two basic substances from the periphery inwards. This subsequently leads to the aforementioned interactions which qualitatively enhance both water and wood.
In the course of time the relative spacial distribution of the more central flow of water and the interactions at the surface of the pipe walls arrive at a certain state of equilibrium. These processes then cease - the water is now mature and both wood and water have become almost immune to harmful outside influences. Whereas oxygen is located in the peripheral zones of the pipe, the free particles of carbonic acid congregate in the boundary zone of the inner core of water as a result of the water temperatures prevailing there. The carbones contained in the water, in bound form, necessarily accumulate in the central axis, which is predominantly saturated with carbones. By arranging the in-built, specially-shaped vanes in a particular way, aggressive particles of oxygen on the boundary layer of the outer edge of the inner core of water, are brought into continuous and direct contact with the most aggressive carbon dioxide, resulting in a continuous generation of energies. These are drawn further towards the centrally-accelerating water-masses, due to the decrease in temperature towards the central axis of the pipe.
Accordingly two types of circulation are created in the cross-section of the pipe: the mechanical circulation of the water and the counter-circulation of those energies that evolve when aggressive particles of oxygen encounter free carbon dioxide. This circulation of energy manifests itself in the form of a continuous electro-dynamic process. In this instance it does not take place at the walls of the pipe, but at the boundary zone of the water's inner core, resulting in the qualitative uplifting of its physical, material, energetic and immaterial attributes - but not in the destruction of the pipe walls.
These double-spiral-flow pipes also convey matter heavier than water down the middle of the pipe and at the same time ennoble and refine it, so that oils of inferior quality, for example, will be improved during flow. After smelting, iron ores transported in this fashion yield a higher-grade iron, because in the process of being transported, the oxygen in the ore is consumed in the formation of new carbone compounds (reduction processes), which then contribute towards the materially higher composition of the carbone - iron. [Our Senseless Toil, page 39-41]
See Also
abrasion
Antagonism
frictional
frictional motion
frictional pressure
frictionless
mechanical abrasion
pressure
Resistance