Atomic Clusters - intermediate state between molecules and solids. Atomic clusters have near solid density. Van der Waal bonded clusters can be formed in high pressure gas-jets (i.e. free-jet expansions) from the standard piezo or solenoid actuated pulsed valves used in pulsed laser experiments. Clustering occurs due to the cooling associated with the adiabatic expansion of the gas into vacuum. The cooling leads to a phase-transition and the coalescence of atoms into clusters. The properties of the resulting ‘‘cluster medium’’ are remarkable. It has the average density of a gas, but the individual, nanometer scale clusters are at near solid density. [TD69.pdf, page 311] See Keely's Harmonization with 6ths.
See Also
3.14 - Vortex Theory of Atomic Motions 13.04 - Atomic Subdivision atomic Atomic Cluster X-Ray Emission Atomic Clusters Atomic Force atomic mass atomic number atomic theory atomic triplet atomic weight Debye Continuum Debye length Debye length in a plasma Debye length in an electrolyte Debye, Peter Debye Sphere diatomic Etheric Orbital Rotations Figure 13.06 - Atomic Subdivision Force-Atomic Formation of Atomic Clusters gas-filled tube Inert Gas Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Atomic Clusters - Measurements of Ion Emission Simulations and Applications TD69.pdf InterAtomic Laser Cluster Interactions Law of Atomic Dissociation Law of Atomic Pitch Law of Oscillating Atomic Substances Law of Pitch of Atomic Oscillation Law of Variation of Atomic Oscillation by Electricity Law of Variation of Atomic Oscillation by Sono-thermism Law of Variation of Atomic Oscillation by Temperature Law of Variation of Atomic Pitch by Electricity and Magnetism Law of Variation of Atomic Pitch by Rad-energy Law of Variation of Atomic Pitch by Temperature Law of Variation of Pitch of Atomic Oscillation by Pressure Models of Laser Cluster Interactions monatomic Nanoplasma Plasma Plasma holes Quasi-neutrality Quasi-neutrality and Debye length Specific Heat Violation of quasi-neutrality