Nickel belongs to the iron-cobalt group of metals. Nickel is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. It is extensively used for making stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys. It is highly electronically conductive and has many applications as a result. It is the basis of the nickel hydride battery. Most recently, its conductive properties have made it an ideal component for ceramic anode formulations used in oxygen generation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Catalytic nickel is used to hydrogenate vegetable oils. Nickel additions to glass and ceramic glazes impart a bright green. It is also used in pigments for this purpose.
Oxides are available in forms including powders and dense pellets for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications. Oxides tend to be insoluble. Fluorides are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Nickel is available in soluble forms including chlorides, nitrates and acetates. These compounds are also manufactured as solutions at specified stoichiometries.
Nickel is a Block D, Group 4, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Nickel's shells is 2, 8, 16, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Ar]3d8 4s2. In its elemental form nickel's CAS number is 7440-02-0. The nickel atom has a radius of 149.pm and it's Van der Waals radius is 163.pm.
All elemental metals, compounds and solutions may be synthesized in ultra high purity (e.g. 99.999%) for laboratory standards, advanced electronic, metallurgy and optical materials and other high technology advantages. Information is provided for stable (non-radioactive) isotopes. Organo-Metallic Nickel compounds are soluble in organic or non-aqueous solvents.
Nickel was first discovered by Alex Constedt in 1751.
American Elements
Schauberger
[16] List of paramagnetic and diamagnetic elements:
1. Apart from iron, nickel and cobalt, whose magnetic properties are already known, osmium and almost all iron compounds are paramagnetic metals.
2. Bismuth and antimony are particularly diamagnetic. Zinc, tin, lead, copper, silver and gold as well as glass and carbon disulphide and other non-conductors are strongly diamagnetic. [Aloys Kokaly, Implosion Magazine, No. 45, p. 19. For further elaboration of the various forms of magnetism, see Chapter 2, endnote 23, p. 88, The Fertile Earth, Vol. III of the Ecotechnology series. - Ed.] [The Energy Evolution - Harnessing Free Energy from Nature, The Catalysts]
See Also
Table of the Elements - Russell Elements