CHARLES B. COLLIER,
No. 702 CHESTNUT STREET.
Philadelphia, Nov. 13, 1874.
To Messrs. E. T. Throop, Charles G. Francklyn, Charles Lamson, Sergeant & Cullingworth, W. D. Hatch, Wm.
W. Wright, W. B. Mecker, J. J. Smith, A. H. Elliott, and John M. Williams, New York.

GENTLEMEN:
As the counsel of Mr. John W. Keely, and of the company in process of organization, known as the Keely Motor Company, in which company, yourselves with your associates in New York, and others here, are interested;-to the end, in part, of more fully acquainting myself with the invention of Mr. Keely and its modus operandi, and in part, to remove any doubt that might exist in the mind of any person concerned, as to the correctness of the assertions of Mr. Keely relative to his ability to produce a vaporic or gaseous force, of great expansive energy, from cold water, through the instrumentality of his device termed a "multiplicator," unaided by heat, electricity, galvanism, or chemical substances other than water and air, as claimed by him,—I requested a practical exhibition by him of the operation of his invention.

My request was complied with, and Mr. Keely, under date of 10th inst., addressed me a communication, in writing, of which I hereto attach a copy. It will be seen, in referring to his communication, that it embodies a schedule or programme of operations.

The exhibition took place at the workshop of Mr. Keely, on the night of Tuesday, the 10th inst., and there were present, beside myself, the following named gentlemen,-to wit: William Bockel, mechanician; William H. Rutherford, Chief Engineer, U.S. Navy; J. Snowden Bell, mechanical engineer; Mr. John Stilz, Mr. James S. Yarnall, Mr. J. H. Anders, Mr. E. Rafsnyder, and Mr. Chas. Schuellermann, all of Philadelphia, and Mr. J. S. Andrews, of Now York City.

Mr. Bockel, per request, assisted in the manipulation of the apparatus, Mr. Rutherford, per request, made the calculations of the pressure exerted upon the piston of the register of force, and Mr. Bell, per request, made a detailed record of the proceedings and operations.

I herewith submit a statement of the several tests and experiments or operations, availing myself of the calculations of Mr. Rutherford, and of the record as made by Mr. Bell, omitting, for reasons obvious to yourselves, such drafts and sketches as were made by Mr. Bell.

General Description of Apparatus and Demonstrations.
The multiplicator, which may be described in general terms as a series of iron chambers, nearly all of which are of cylindrical form, connected by pipes, and furnished with various cocks and valves, was suspended freely from one of the rafters of the apartment, its bottom being at a distance of about three feet from the floor. The multiplicator complete is about thirty six inches high, twenty-four inches long, and thirteen inches wide, and of a capacity of seven gallons.

At a distance of about eight feet from the multiplicator, a cylindrical wrought-iron reservoir, six inches in diameter and forty inches long (which I will term reservoir A), was suspended from another rafter, and was connected with the multiplicator by one-inch pipe.

It is to be remarked that the dimensions herein given are merely approximative, and are stated only for purposes of general explanation.

A "standpipe" of brass, about two and a half inches in diameter and three feet high, having a spherical chamber at bottom, made in two parts united by flanges, was connected to the pipe uniting the multiplicator and reservoir A, a short distance from the multiplicator.

The multiplicator was connected with a register of force, placed at a distance of, say, twelve feet from it, by a pipe of one-tenth of an inch inside diameter, said register of force consisting of a piston of one square inch area, pressed down in a cylinder by a lever of the third order.

A small beam engine, of peculiar construction, and not susceptible of brief description, stood upon trestles, about six feet from the multiplicator, and adjacent to said engine was a cylindrical brass reservoir, about five inches in diameter and twenty seven inches long, which will be termed reservoir B.

A hydrant-cock, communicating with the street main, stood over a sink in one corner of the apartment, at a distance of about three feet from the multiplicator.

The above generally specifies the apparatus with which the experiments were conducted.

Mr. Keely announced his desire that the apparatus be subjected to such tests as the persons assembled, or either of them, might suggest, in order to vindicate the correctness of his statement of the absence of agents for the production of power, other than his apparatus and air and water.

The preliminary test applied for this purpose (after determining the pressure of the water on the hydrant, which was shown by a gauge to be 26 1/4 lbs. to the square inch) was to blow air through the several passages and parts of the multiplicator, and then flood it (the multiplicator) with water taken directly from the hydrant, and afterwards withdraw the water, which was done in the following manner,—to wit:

Mr. Keely blew his breath into the upper cylinder of the multiplicator, and air escaped from the upper and the second cylinder, blowing out a candle when applied to cocks on the respective cylinders.

The hydrant-cock was then connected with a cock on the top of the spherical drum of the multiplicator by a rubber tube about five-eighths of an inch in diameter, and water being admitted to the multiplicator through the same, escaped through three openings in the bottom of the multiplicator, showing a clear circulation of water through the apparatus. These openings were afterwards closed by screw plugs.

The two halves of the spherical vessel at the base of the standpipe being separated, a small rubber spheroid was screwed upon the end of an upwardly projecting pipe in the lower half, and the upper half and standpipe were replaced at 7.50 P.M.

The cap of standpipe was then removed, and water let into the same, until it showed on an overflow pipe at top.

Water was next let into the multiplicator through the rubber pipe from the hydrant-cock, until it showed at a cock on the second drum of the multiplicator, and was then let off copiously through a discharge cock, the object of this operation being to prove that the apparatus was not charged with any chemicals.

This charging and discharging operation was repeated, and the discharged water tasted and drank by myself and others; no taste or smell was perceptible.

A number of weights, aggregating two hundred pounds, were hung upon the long arm of the lever of the force register, to raise which a pressure of 1430 36/100 pounds + upon its piston,

(one square inch area) is required, according to the calculations of Mr. Rutherford, who measured the lever, the length of its arms being, respectively, five and one-eighth and thirty-five and one-half inches, and the weight on the piston induced by the lever, forty-five pounds (35 ½ X 200/5 1/8 + 45 — 1430.36.)

An attachment was made of a tube, for the conduction of the evolved vapor or gas, between the multiplicator and the register of force, the connecting tube being one-tenth of an inch inside diameter.

Mr. Keely then proceeded to make an "expulsion"; that is to say, to develop a force or pressure from the multiplicator, sufficient to raise the weight on the force register lever, or, in other words, to exert a pressure of 1430.36 + pounds to the square inch upon the valve register piston, which, as before stated, was connected by a tube of one-tenth of an inch bore with the multiplicator.

This he did by disconnecting the gutta percha tube which led from the hydrant-cock to the multiplicator, and blowing from his lungs for a very brief time, say thirty seconds, into the nozzle upon the multiplicator to which this gutta percha tube had been connected. He then shut a cock upon the nozzle, which closed its communication with the atmosphere and, re-connecting the gutta percha tube, turned on the water from the hydrant to the multiplicator.

The operation was completed in about two minutes after the attachment to the hydrant had been made, by simultaneously opening two cocks upon tubes which connected the first and second drums, and the second and lower drums respectively, of the multiplicator, when the lever and weight of the force register were raise by the piston, this operation being coincident with the turning of the two cocks just mentioned, there being, in other words, no measureable [sic] interval of time between the turning of the cocks and the raising of the weight. The weight was raised about two and a half inches.

At 8.25 P.M. five such expulsions had been made, when an additional weight of eighty pounds was hung upon the lever, and at 8.29 P.M. a sixth expulsion was made, the pressure exerted in this instance being 1974.6 + pounds to the square inch (35 1/2 X 200/6 1/8 + 45 = 1974.6.)

At 8.31 P.M., part second of the programme prepared by Mr. Keely was commenced, the experiment in this instance being made with reservoir A, which had theretofore been shut off from the multiplicator by a cock.

The reservoir was first shown to contain no water, by blowing into a pipe connected to its lower end, when the air escaped with corresponding force from an opening at its top. It was then flooded with water directly from the hydrant through the same pipe into which air had been blown, until the water escaped from the upper opening, and being discharged again at bottom, was tasted by several of the observers, who found in it no perceptible taste or smell.

The additional weight of eighty pounds having been removed, the multiplicator was again charged, and communication having been opened between the reservoir A and the register of force, two more expulsions were made.

The third part of the programme referred to the operation of the small beam engine before mentioned. The engine was lifted off its trestles, and shown to have no connection or communication with them or with any other extraneous object, and the reservoir B, adjacent to the engine, was connected by a tube of one-tenth of an inch bore with the reservoir A.

A short tube, carrying upon its end a reaction wheel or "Barker's Mill," having two arms of about two and a half inches long each, with their open ends turned in reverse directions, so as to be revolved by the reaction of an escaping fluid; was then screwed upon the end of the reservoir B, and at 9.03 P.M. was put into rotation at a very high velocity, by the manipulation of the two cocks upon the multiplicator, as before explained. The transition from a state of rest to this high rate of speed was practically instantancous, and while there was no means of calculating the velocity of the reaction wheel, the noise and tremor caused by its motion was so great as to indicate that, from prudential reasons, the supply of operating fluid should be restricted, which was done by a cock on the pipe leading from the reservoir.

At 9.05 P.M. the reaction wheel was removed, and a connection being made between the reservoir B and the engine, the latter was driven for some minutes at a rate of about four hundred revolutions.

At 9.08 P.M. the reaction wheel was again rotated, and the engine again run at 9.09 P.M.

A gaseous fluid was then allowed to escape from time to time from the cock upon the reservoir to which the reaction wheel had been connected, and was found to be destitute of taste or smell, and not inflammable or explosive; neither did it extinguish combustion, unless when emitted with sufficient force to blow out the candle which was held at the orifice of the nozzle.

At 9.16 P.M. the engine was run, slackened, and run again at high speed without being stopped, by the manipulation of cocks upon the multiplicator.

In the operation of the reaction wheel and engine, a gaseous fluid was exhausted, but no moisture or trace of water was perceptible.

At 9.17 P.M. the reaction wheel was run again, and at 9.20, the experiments being concluded, the multiplicator was taken apart and inspected by those present.

There was no heat perceptible in any part of the apparatus or connecting pipes, during the experiments, nor any noise or shock in any part thereof, saving that a slight noise, similar to

that of running water, could be heard upon placing the ear
close to the multiplicator.

The following points, as matter of fact, were conclusively established to my mind by the experiments above described.

1st. That the inventor did produce a series of evolutions or "expulsions," of a gaseous or vaporic substance, having an expansive energy of, say, two thousand pounds to the square inch.

2d. The production of this power, from the time of establishing the water columns in the mechanical structure termed by the inventor his "multiplicator," occupied an inappreciable period of time.

3d. The passage of this gas or vapor from its point of generation to its point of utilization (in the experiments above referred to, say twelve feet) was also inappreciable.

4th. The development or production of the force was unattended by any appreciable noise.

5th. Before the commencement of the operations, the tests applied to the apparatus, —to wit, blowing through its several connections, flooding it with water, and discharging the water,—evidenced that it contained no chemical compounds in unstable equilibrium, or of explosive character, the equilibrium of which, in the one case, could be disturbed so as to evolve gaseous products, or the explosion of which, in the other case, could be produced by the introduced water.

6th. After the tests referred to in the above paragraph had been applied, it would have been impossible for the inventor or any one, to have introduced chemicals or other substance than water, without detection.

7th. No heat was employed, no electricity, or galvanic action, discernible as resultant of the operation, except that electric sparks were observed in the spur gearing of the engine, which was propelled by the vaporic force; such evolution of electricity, which was but slight, being obviously caused by frictional contact of the metallic surfaces of said gearing.

8th. The water which was introduced into the multiplicator, came direct from the hydrant, under a pressure, as indicated by a gauge applied to the hydrant, of twenty-six and a quarter pounds to the square inch.

9th. The water, before its admission to the multiplicator, and after each operation upon its withdrawal from the multiplicator, was drank off by myself and by others of those present, and exhibited no taste nor smell, and manifestly came out of the multiplicator as it went in, free from all substances other than those contained in the water of the Schuylkill River, from which it came.

10th. The vaporic or gaseous production, I, as did others present, smelt of and freely inhaled, and it had neither perceptible smell nor taste. I applied a burning candle to it, and it did not burn, nor did it extinguish the flame of the candle.

11th. After the conclusion of the experiments, the multiplicator was dismantled, and the interior of it examined, and there was no residuum within it indicative of the presence of chemical or explosive compounds, or other substances than air and water.

12th. The operations were conducted in a gas-lighted room, and a lighted candle was held by myself, in close proximity to the multiplicator, during the entire period of the operations.

13th. The inventor, from first to last, afforded every facility for the closest investigation, and proposed from time to time, to repeat or duplicate, as often as might be desired by any one present, either of the several operations, and afforded also every facility for the determination, to the satisfaction of those present, of the truth of his statement, as contained in his communication addressed to the writer hereof, which accompanies this report, and from which communication I now quote, —to wit, "the non-presence of heat, electricity, galvanism, chemicals, or preparations of any kind," other than his mechanical structure, termed a multiplicator, and air and water.

The object of this communication, for obvious reasons, is not to make known the precise nature of the invention of Mr. Keely, nor will this be done until the specifications, drawings, models, etc., now in progress, necessary for the procuration abroad and in this country of Letters Patent, are completed and deposited; but I think I may say safely, that no person who witnessed the exhibitions, hereinabove described, left the room in which they were conducted with a doubt as to the perfect integrity of the inventor, or unimpressed by the extraordinary character of his invention.

In conclusion, I would remark that the operations above referred to were conducted in what is known as the "old multiplicator" of Mr. Keely, and which having been, by reason of its want of strength, dismantled some time since, was put together for the special occasion of this practical exhibition. In order to ensure safely, the operation was conducted, as stated by Mr. Keely, under restrictions as to degree of evolution, confining the production of the force within its lowest ranges.

His new multiplicator is now rapidly approaching completion. It is made of great strength of parts, and designed to be of sufficient strength to withstand the pressure of the vaporic or gaseous evolution of highest degree and greatest expansive energy, estimated by the inventor as probably equal to thirty thousand pounds and upwards per square inch. It is further designed to demonstrate the continuity of the vaporic or gaseous development, and to be automatic in its action, and from that which has been accomplished by the inventor, there is, seemingly, no reason to doubt that he will attain that which he proposes to accomplish with his new mechanism.

In conclusion, I have to recommend that his request, as contained in his communication hereinbefore referral to, addressed to myself, be strictly observed, and that he be not importuned for a repetition of his experiments, inasmuch as this will delay his operations, and such time as he is not actually employed in his own workshop, will be most advantageously to him, and to all persons concerned, employed in directing his mechanicians in the completion of his apparatus, and in aiding my engineering assistant, Mr. Bell, and myself, in the preparation of his patent drawings, specifications, etc.
Respectfully submitted.
CHAS. B. COLLIER.

To undersigned were present during the entire exhibition referred to and described in the foregoing report of Mr. Collier; this report we have carefully read and examined.

In its narration of facts, it is correct. The conclusions, as stated by Mr. Collier, under the heading "Summary," we fully endorse, as being, in our judgment, the correct conclusions deducible from the exhibitions described by him, and witnessed by us together with him.
Wm. BOEKEL, Mechanician.
Wm. H. RUTHERFORD,
Chief Engineer U.S.N.
J. SNOWDEN BELL,
Mechanical Engineer.

Communication of B. Howard Rand, M.D., to Chas. B. Collier, Esq.
The foregoing statement, signed by Chas, B. Collier, Esq., has been submitted to me by him, and my opinion is requested as to whether or not the results stated therein to have been accomplished by Mr. Keely, can be accounted for by any known chemical agencies, such as the disturbance of chemical substances in unstable equilibrium, by the action of water or air brought in contact with them in the apparatus described.

In reply to the question addressed to me, I would state that I am unable to account for the result stated to have been produced by any known chemical decomposition.

The celerity of the operation, the absence of noise, the absence of heat, electricity, or galvanic action as a producing cause, and the like absence of heat, electricity, or galvanic action as resultants, together with the negative qualities of the produced gas or vapor, lead me to the conclusion that the result alleged to have been produced, was by some agency or power not known at present to chemists.

I have not seen the apparatus, and my views are given simply upon the foregoing report of Mr. Collier.
B. HOWARD RAND, M.D.,
Professor of Chemistry in Jefferson Medical College.

Communication of John W. Keely to Chas. B. Collier, Esq.
Philadelphia, Nov. 10, 1874.

To CHAS. B. COLLIER, ESQ.,
Attorney Keely Motor Company.

DEAR SIR,-At your request, and in order that you may be aided in arriving at a full understanding of the principles of my invention, known as the Multiplicator or Generator, whereby I produce my vaporic force, I propose to-night to give to you a practical exhibition of the operation thereof, according to a programme hereto appended.

To such other persons as may be present at the exhibition, I desire to request, through you, that no demands be made upon for subsequent exhibitions, since the completion of my new Multiplicator, now rapidly progressing towards completion, and duties pertaining to my inventions, demand my undivided ___ and attention.

The exhibition of this evening I design to make so thorough as to convince the most skeptical, if any there are, that my principles are thoroughly correct, and solidly based on true governing law, hereby declaring, in the most solemn manner, the non-presence of heat, electricity, galvanism, chemicals, or preparations of any kind, and perfectly independent of any outside or extraneous influence; further, that the evolution of power is capable of unlimited continuation, is almost instantaneous in its production and action, and is perfectly controllable.

Hoping these efforts may prove to all that may witness them the truth of all I have professed,
I am, modestly, but sincerely,
Your inventor,
JOHN W. KEELY.

The following is the programme which I have above referred to:
J. W. K.

I propose, first, to fill all the chambers repeatedly with water, after which they will be emptied and blown through, and refilled as often as desired before an operation; after which the hydraulic columns will be established in their proper order, the impact formed and held in suspension, and the multiplied power shown by transmitting it to the lever; the multiplicator will then be emptied, and the same operation repeated as often as desired, to show the certainty of it.

The large iron tube will be examined and filled with water, and emptied as often as desired, then blown through; the multiplicator will then be submitted to the same operation, then the hydraulic columns will be re-established. Power will immediately, be transmitted to the tube, and weighed on the lever. This operation will be repeated as often as desired.

The iron tube will then be submitted to the same examination and test as previously, and proven to be entirely empty. Reinstatement of columns will then follow, after which the iron tube will be charged. Inside of three seconds, power will be transmitted down to small tube, and run off on engine. Previous to this a centrifugal arrangement will denote the time of transmission, which will be about one second.

Multiplicator will then be flooded with water, emptied, and the same operation repeated as often as desired, after which reinstatement of columns will follow, and then be held in suspension on the impact. All the leads of both tubes will then be opened at any time desired, when simultaneously the two tubes will be charged, and again an operation on engine.
J. W. K.