The Evolution of Matter - the book The Evolution of Matter - Table of Contents Gustave Le Bon

Artificial equilibria imposed on elements proceeding from the dematerialization of Matter . . . . . Frontispiece 1 and 2. Apparatus employed in 1897 by Gustave Le Bon to demonstrate, by the absence of polarization, that the radiations emitted by salts of uranium arc not invisible light . . . . . 23 3· The three orders of radiations emitted by a radio-active body and separated by a magnetic field . . . . . 131 4· Radiation of particles of dissociated matter not subjected to attractions or repulsions . . . . . 163 5. Attraction of particles of dissociated matter charged with positive and negative electricity . . . . . 163 6. Repulsion of particles of dissociated matter emitted by two points and moving in the direction of the lines of force . . . . . 164 7· Repulsion of particles of dissociated matter emitted by several points . . . . . 164 8, 9, 10, 11. Several figures obtained by compelling particles of dissociated matter to move and repel each other in certain directions . . . . . 165 12, 13, 14, 15. Apparent materializations produced in space by utilizing the repulsions of dissociated matter . . . . . 167 16 to 19. Photographs of geometrical figures obtained by confining the ionic fluid to plates of resin . . . . . 170 20. Curve showing one of the fundamental properties of the substance intermediate between ponderable matter and the imponderable ether . . . . . 191 21. Radiation of the electric particles from a single pole . . . . . 202 xvii xviii 22. Photograph of the aigrettes produced by the particles emitted by one of the poles of a static machiae . . . . . 203 23. Positive and negative electric particles, which are formed at the two poles and attract each other . . . . . 203 24. Concentration of the electric particles into a few lines from which results a discharge in the shape of sparks . . . . . 203 15. The visible passage through a material obstacle formed of a plate of glass or ebonite . . . . . 207 26. Photograph of the effluves proceeding from the dematerialization of matter during their passage through a material obstacle such as a plate of glass or ebonite . . . . . 208 27. Impressions produced by ions from an electrified point through a sheet of black paper . . . . . 210 28 and 29. Repulsions and attractions of molecules io liquid . . . . . 243 30 and 31. Photographs of artificial cells resulting from molecular attractions and repulsions in liquid . . . . . 244 32. Photograph of artificial cells obtaioed by diffusion . . . . . 245 33, 34, and 35. The three phases of the successive formation of a crystal . . . . . 245 36. Classic method used to measure the radio-activity of bodies . . . . . 323 37. Apparatus for reducing the rapidity of the loss of electricity produced by radio-active bodies . . . . . 325 3S. Condensing differential electroscope of the author . . . . . 327 39· Apparatus used to demonstrate the dissociation of matter by the action of solar light . . . . . 331 40· Apparatus used to show the dissociation of matter under the influence of the ultra-violet light produced by electric sparks . . . . . 333 41 and 42. Determination, by means of photography, of the transparency of bodies for the various regions of the spectrum . . . . . 335 43· Photographs showing the disappearance of the solar ultra-violet on certain days caused by unknown influences . . . . . 343 xix 44· Mechanism of the discharge of an electroscope by the effiuves of the dissociated matter disengaged from the metals struck Ly solar light . . . . . 348 45· Comparison of the dissociation of spontaneously radio-active bodies and of metals under the influence of light . . . . . 358 46. Apparatus employed for the study of the leak of electrified bodies under ultra-violet light . . . . . 362 47· Apparatus for showing the leak of electricity under the influence of flames according to the distance and the nature of the bodies on which the action is produced. The charged strip on the electroscope dra" s to itself the ions which discharge it . . . . . 378 48. Apparatus sho"ing visibly the electric leak under the action of the particles of dissociated matter contained in the gases of the flames . . . . . 379 49· Apparatus showing the action of dissociated matter contained in the gases of flames on an electrified body contained in a metal cage . . . . . 381 50. Study of the dissociution of matter by chemical reactions . . . . . 384 51. Apparatus of Gustave Le Bon and Martin, used for determining the part played by water vapour in the phosphorescence of phosphorus . . . . . 387 52. Experiment on the properties of gases dissociated hy flames . . . . . 395 53· Recombination of the ions obtained in the dissociation of matter by chemical reactions . . . . . 397 54· Arrangement by which the transformation of the properties of mercury are got through combination, under the influence of slight pressure, with traces of magnesium . . . . . 406 55· Decomposition of water by mercury containing a trace of magnesium . . . . . 406 56. Dec om position of water by magnesium containing traces of mercury . . . . . 407 57 to 60. Formation of tufts of alumina on strips of aluminum covered with invisible traces of mercury . . . . . 409 xx 61. Arrangement of the experiment which allows us to give to a strip of aluminium, after its extremity has touched mercury, the property of decomposing water, and of transforming itself entirely into alumina, even when the mercury i; withdrawn after the decomposition of the water has commenced . . . . . 410 62. Sketch of the arrangement for ;;i' i:1; to the effiu,·es produced I ·Y particles of dissociated malter sufficient ten;;i,Jn to <:n3Lle them t•' pass through thin plates of non -conducting bodies, such as gb>s and ebonite . . . . 416