In 1910 the mathematician Edmund Whittaker published “A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity”, an excellent book describing in great detail the development of field theories (including magnetism and gravity) from Descartes up to the year 1900. Forty-three years later, in 1953, Whittaker published a revised edition of this work, and added a second volume, covering the years from 1900 to 1926, including the emergence of the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics. The second volume is notable for Whittaker’s attribution of what we would call the special theory of relativity almost exclusively to Lorentz and Poincare. He describes Einstein’s 1905 paper on the subject as one which “set forth the relativity theory of Poincare and Lorentz with some amplifications, and which attracted much attention”, and he credited Einstein only with being the first to publish the correct relativistic formulas for aberration and the Doppler effect. Whittaker’s unorthodox view of Einstein’s contribution is nominally consistent with the overall theme of his book, being a history of the theories of aether. The novelty of Einstein’s interpretation was in the idea that the evident relativity of all physical phenomena transcended the properties or behavior of any substance (aether), and was instead a consequence of the structure of space and time. Whittaker was always unsympathetic to this interpretation, as is clear from his preface to the second edition:

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