Leonard Bernstein, in his famous Harvard speech, [The Unanswered Question 1973] truly explained why and how. Through his explanation of the harmonic series, he demonstrated the scientific basis of music theory.
However, he also noted something profound:
"What we calculate and explain or try to explain through music theory of Pythagoras, only appreciators of Indian music can feel it, they can demonstrate any mood through their scales, which they call Raaga. And a Raaga is not just a scale; it's something more. If you can't appreciate or feel it, it will put you to sleep in a few minutes."